Carbureter.



W. E. HAINES.

GARBURETBR.

APPLIOATIOH FILED DBO. 11,1909.

Patented Oct. 25, 1910.

3 SHEETS-BEBE! 1.

W. E. HAINES.

CARBURBTEB.

APPLIOATIOH rum) nno.11,19os.

973,937, Patented Oct. 25, 1910.

3 SHEETS-811E111 3.

. parts.

UNITED S ATES PATENT OFFICE.

CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 25, 1910.

Application filed December 11, 1909. Serial No. 532,714.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, W'ILLIAM ERNEST HAINES, subject of Great Britain,residing at Cheltenham, in the county of Gloucester, England, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Carburetors for Use inConnection with Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention has reference to carbureters for internal combustionengines and more particularly to such as are designed so that the supplyof fuel is regulated simultaneously with the movement of the throttle.

The type of carbureter to which this invention is especially applicableis characterized by a fuel jet which is made larger than usual and isfitted with a grooved tapered or fluted plug adapted to be reciprocatedwithin the jet body by mechanism coupled to and moving in unison withthe throttle.

The object of the present invention is to improve the construction andoperation of such carburetors with a view mainly to prevent the fuel jetbecoming choked.

Accordingly the invention consists in imparting to the reciprocatingplug a simultaneously rotary motion in the jet and in the mechanismemployed for effecting this compound movement of the plug.

The invention also embraces minor constructional features such forexample as the improved means for giving an independent and differentialadjustment to the jet plug when desired and the improved construction ofthrottle.

In order that my invention may be readily understood and carried intoeffect reference is made in describing the same to the accompanyingsheets of explanatory drawings, wherein,

Figure 1, is a part sectional side View on the line ab of Fig. 2 of acarbureter constructed according to this invention showing the relativearrangement of the principal Fig. 2, is a front view of the same withthe cover plate and throttle and jet plug actuating mechanism removedand showing the segmental throttle plates or slides. Fig. 3, is asectional side view of the cover plate and throttle and jet plugactuating mechanism. Fig. 4, is an enlarged sectional view of the jetplug and plug actuating mechanism. Fig. 5, is a transverse vertical viewof the mixing chamber showin the throttle partly closed. Figs. 6 and Eare edge and inside plan views respectively of one of the throttleslides showing the cut away portion of the inner member and thearrangement of the springs between the two members. Figs. 8 and 9 areback and front elevations respectively of the cover plate and throttleand jet plug operating mechanism carried thereby, and Fi s. 10, 11 and12 are enlarged detail views 0 three different forms of jet plug, Fig.10, including cross sectional views at different parts of the plug.

Throughout the drawings like parts are designated by the same referencecharacters.

Referring to the drawings, 2 represents the float chamber which is ofconventional form and only partly shown, 3 the body or outer casing ofthe carbureter usually of brass connected rigidly to the float chamber,and 4 is the cover plate carrying the throttle and jet plug operatingmechanism.

The body 3 of the carbureter is cylindrical and provided at the top andbottom with outlet and inlet orifices or ports 5, 6 respectively. Themixing chamber in which the fuel jet is located comprises a shortcylinder 7 carried by a base plate 7 and formed with corresponding inletand outlet orifices, 7, 7 respectively. The said cylinder 7 is arrangedconcentrically within the outer casing 3, the base plate being rivetedto the rear wall of the outer chamber. The said cylinder is of lessdiameter than the said outer casing so that between the inner surface ofthe outer casing and the outer surface of the cylindrical mixing chamberan annular space 8 is left, see Figs. 2 and 5, in which a pair ofsegmental throttle plates or slides 9 is adapted to be moved to controlthe said inlet and outlet orifices or ports.

Each throttle slide 9 comprises two superposed segmental members, therespective outside surfaces of which are concentric with the insidesurface of the outer case 3 and the exterior surface of the mixingchamber 7 and are maintained in close contact therewith by small s iralsprings 10. The said springs are preferably contained in open-endedferrules 11 the ends of which are adapted to enter suitable recesses 12formed in the inner faces of the members of each slide as clearly shownin Fig. 6.

As will be seen from Fig. 5, the ports 7 7 in the mixing chamber 7, areset slightly out of alinement with the corresponding ports 5, 6 in theouter casing and with each other. The end of the inner i'nember of eachslide adjacentv to the ports 7, T", is also cut away for a. suitabledistance at 13 as shown. A sinuous or tortuous passage for the entry ofthe air and the exit of the mixture is thus formed as indicated by thecurved arrows in Fig. 5, the object being to assist the mixing of theair and gas.

The slides are operated to open and close the inlet and outlet orificest3, 5 by means of keys or drivers 14: which enter corresponding keyways15, cut through said slides, and are carried by and project at rightangles from the inner face of the head 16 of a hollow sleeve 17 mountedin the cover plate 4, see Fig. 3. Said sleeve 17 passes through thehollow central boss 18 of the cover plate 4 and is furnished at itsouter end with an arm or lever 19, see 3 and 9, whereby the said sleeveand hence the throttle lates may be moved at will through any suitableconnections.

The improved construction of fuel jet employed to prevent choking of thelatter and to provide for an automatic and proportion ate supply of fuelin relation to the throttle and air is clearly shown in the enlargeddetail view Fig. 4 and comprises a secondary inlet chamber or jet body:20 located vertically and centrally within the mixing chamber 7 andsupported by a hollow lug 21 into which the petrol duct :22 leads fromthe float chamber, Fig. 1. The said lug may be cast integral with theback plate of the mixing chamber, as shown, or may be a separate fittingand the jet body is secured firmly in position thereon by means of ahollow screw 23. The part of the screw which occupies the lug 21 isformed with an annular groove 24 in which a series of lateral holes 25are formed to establish communication between the petrol duct 22 and thebore of the screw, and hence to the hollow interior of the jet body. Theupper extremity of said jet body is tapered and formed with a smallpassage 26 through which the petrol issues. The necessary variation inthe amount of petrol issuing from the jet body and the removal ofobstructions therefrom is effected by means of a plug 27 which is adated to reciprocate and turn with a snug fit in said passage andaccording to a preferred construction is formed with a series oflongitudinally tapered grooves 28 which decrease in depth from the topof the plug until at the root of same there are no grooves, as clearlyillustrated in Fig. 10, so that when the plug is in its highest positionin the jet body as shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 4, the passage therein iscompletely closed. The grooves in the plug are intended to take theplace of the customary fine holes or seatings which have hitherto beenemployed in carbureter jets.

The compound reciprocatory and rotary movement of the plug in the jetbody is offected by means of a pin 29 carried ccccn' trically on the cudof a short spindle or crankshaft, 30. and for this purpose said plugprovided at its lower end with an enlarged sleeve like extension Ill theupper part. of which is perforated at 32 for the passage of the petrolfrom its hollow in terior to the grooves aforesaid. The said extensionis made a sliding and turning fit within the hollow body 20 of the jetand formed with a horizontal slot 33 at its lower end for the receptionof the aforesaid eccentric pin 29. It will now be seen that as thespindle or crankshaft 50 before mentioned is rotated, the pin intraversing a circular path alternately raises and lowers and also at thesame time partly rotates or oscillates the plug within the jet. bodythus fulfilling the necessary conditions for varying the quality of theexplosive mixture and for keeping the jet clear of obstructions.

The spindle or crankshaft 30 is supported in a socket 34 which screwsinto the lower front part of the jet body and its outer free end isfurnished with a cap 35 of preferably D-section pinned thereto wherebythe spin dle may be rotated, and with a spiral spring 50 for the purposeof maintaining a petrol tight joint between the adjacent contactinginner ends of the spindle and socket The connection between the headedhob low sleeve 17 which effects the movements of the throttle slides 9,and the aforesaid spindle 30 operating the jet plug, is by means of aheaded stem 36 carried in the bore of the said headed. sleeve 17. Inorder to provide for adjustment of the jet plug 2", independently of thethrottle to allow for atmospherical variations the said stem 36 has aclutch connection with the headed sleeve 17 and for this purpose thehead 31' of said stem is provided with one or more pins 38 adapted toengage in one or more of a series of recesses 39 formed in the adjacentface of the head 16 of the sleeve 17, see Fig. 3. The pitch of therecesses will of course determine the minimum adjustment. Normally, thepins 38 are kept in engagement with their recesses by means of a spiralspring 40 located in the enlarged outer part of the bore of the headedsleeve 17 and abutting against a shoulder therein at one end and amilled nut 41 secured to the outer end of the headed stem 36 by a screw42 at the other end as clearly shown in Fig. 3. The front headed end ofthe said stem is formed with a central D-shaped hole to receive thecorrespondingly formed end of the spindle 30.

When it is desired to adjust the position of the plug in the jet bodyindependently of the throttle, the stem is forced inward by applyingendwise pressure to the milled nut 41 sufficient to free the pins 38from engagement with their recesses, when the stem and hence the spindle80 and plug 27 may be adjusted at will without in any way interferingwith the throttle.

The end of the sleeve 17 may be marked and the milled nut 41 providedwith a graduated scale so that the amount of relative movement betweenthe said nut and sleeve may be used as a guide in determin ing thedegree of independent adjustment given to the jet plug.

Figs. 11 and 12 illustrate two alternative forms of plug. In each casethe plug is recessed axially at 43 and in one case, Fig. 11, is alsoformed with a longitudinal slot 44 and in the other case Fig. 12, with ahelical series of fine holes 45. The slit or the holes as the case maybe establish communication between the axial recess in the plug and theinterior of the jet body into which the petrol passes by way of theperforations 32 in the extension 31 already referred to.

For the purpose of deflecting the incoming air toward. the petrol as itissues from the jet the jet body is provided with a perforated ferrule46 formed with conical flanges 47 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The saidferrule embraces the upper end of the jet body and incloses the jet. Theconical flanges face toward the inlet orifice 6 and deflect the incomingair through perforations 46 in the ferrule into the presence of thepetrol issuing from the jet, the resulting mixture passing out of theopen top of the ferrule to the outlet orifice 5.

To provide for a free passage of air to the engine when the throttle isclosed a small gauze covered orifice or by-pass such as 48, Figs. 8 and9 is made in the cover plate which when the throttle is closed is inopen communication with the outlet orifice leading to the engine. Forthis purpose one of the keyways 15 (see right hand side of Fig. 2) isformed with an outwardly directed extension 15 which, when the throttleis closed, registers with the orifice 48 in the cover plate and thusprovides free access of air to the engine by wa of the outlet port 5 inthe outer casing 3 o the carbureter.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United Statesis 1.. In a carbureter, in combination, an outer casing, a mixingchamber fixed concentrically therein, a throttle valve movable betweensaid mixing chamber and outer casing, means for actuating said throttle,a jet nozzle communicating with the source of fuel supply and locatedwithin said mixing chamber, a plug loosely positioned within said nozzleand extending through and adapted to close said fuel passage, said plugbeing formed with longitudinal taper grooves for controlling the passageof the fuel when the plug is moved from its closed positlon, and meanshaving a releasable pin and hole connection with the throttle operatingmeans for simultaneously rotating and reciprocating said plug.

2. In a carbureter the combination with the throttle and fuel jet of aplug movable within said jet, a. spindle carried by the jet body, acrank on said spindle adapted to enter a slot in the plug, and meansnormally operable by and in unison with the throttle but capable ofindependent operation relatively thereto for imparting rotary motion tosaid spindle.

3. In a carbureter the combination with the throttle and fuel jet of aplug movable within said jet for controlling the flow of fueltherethrough, mechanism for imparting a simultaneous reciprocating androtary motion to the plug within the jet, throttle controlling means, a.headed stem having an adjustable and releasable clutch connection withthe throttle controlling means and operatively engaging said mechanism.

4. In a carbureter, the combination with an outer casing having inletand outlet ports for air and vapor respectively of a throttle comprisingslides adapted to be moved within said casing to simultaneously controlthe supply of air and vapor, means for actuating said slides andmechanism normally operable by and in unison with said throttle slidesfor regulating the fuel supply and for removing obstructions from thefuel jet.

5. In a carbureter, the combination with a cylindrical outer casinghaving inlet and outlet ports for air and vapor respectively and asimilarly orted concentric inner mixing chamber, 0 throttle slidesmovable between said outer and inner casings, said slides eachcomprising two superposed segmental members, springs located betweensaid members for maintaining them in close contact with the walls of thesaid outer and mixing chambers respectively and means for operating saidslides.

6. In a carburetor the combination with a cylindrical outer casinghaving inlet and outlet ports of a throttle comprising segmental slidesrotatable within said casing, a fixed end plate, a plate rotatablycarried by said end plate, fingers on said plate adapted to engage withsaid slides and means'for rotating said plate.

7. In a carbureter the combination with a fuel jet located within thethrottle and between the air inlet and the vapor outlet of a pluralityof conical flanges adapted to direct the incoming air toward the jetnozzle.

8. In a carbureter the combination of an outer casing having inlet andoutlet ports for air and vapor respectively, an inner mixing chambersimilarly ported, throttled slides movable between said inner and outercasings, means for operating said slides, a fuel jet, a longitudinallyrecessed plug movable within said jet and provided with a hollowenlarged extension, a spindle, a crank pin thereon adapted to enter aslot in said extension of said plug, and means having a releasableclutch connection with said throttle slide operating means adapted toengage with and rotate said spindle so as to impart a simultaneousreciprocatory and rotary movement to the plug.

9. In a carburetor, the combination of a cylindrical outer casing havinginlet and exhanst ports for the air and vapor respectively, an innerconcentric mixing chamber having inlet and exhaust ports set slightlyout of alinement With the corresponding ports in the outer casing andWith each other, throttle slides movable between said outer and inn-ercasings, each said slide comprising two superposed segmental members,the end of the inner member of each said slide adjacent to the ports inthe mixing chamber being cut away to facilitate the entry and exit ofthe air-and vapor res ectively to and from the mixing cham er, means foroperating said slides, a fuel jet located Within said mixing chamber,means for directing the incoming air toward the jet nozzle, a recessedand perforated plug movaiole within said jet for controlling the flow offuel therethrough and mechanism normally operable by and in unison withthe throttle slides but capable of independent adjustment relativelythereto for imparting a simultaneous reciprocatory and rotary motion tosaid plu Within the jet.

In testimony whereof have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing Witnesses.

WILLIAM ERNEST HAINES.

Witnesses:

THOMAS ELMES, ERNEST CHARLES Common.

